Boosting insulin production improves blood glucose control, particularly after meals
Vagal afferent responses to fatty acids of different chain length in the rat
While it does not produce classic addiction the way opioids or benzodiazepines do, physical dependence, psychological reliance, and difficult withdrawal are all well-documented, especially in off-label users and people in substance use recovery
The broader pattern is well documented, however: randomised withdrawal trials in this class show substantial regain after discontinuation, with a 2026 review reporting that roughly two-thirds of lost weight is typically regained within a year of stopping, alongside reversal of some cardiometabolic gains
Ensures optimal beta-cell pancreatic stimulation and gastric deceleration
However, physiological changes such as increased length and narrowing of the bowel are not uncommon in pediatric congenital bowel disease